Fatwaa ID: 002
Question:
Is nikah done over a social network!? If ijab and qabooll is done over a Facebook (or Twitter or whatever) with it being on public lots and lots of boys can read it at the time the question and answer and Nikah declarences were done. would Nikah be done? No intention of Nikah acrially taking place..! Beyond myself with worry. Please reply. JazakAllah.
Answer:
In the Name of Allaah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
As-salaamu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullaahi wa-barakaatuh.
A nikaah takes place with the eejaab (proposal) of either of the potential spouses and the qabool (acceptance) from the other potential spouse in the physical presence of two adult male or one male and two female witnesses in the same gathering[1]. The condition of physical presence is not fulfilled in a marriage conducted over social media, be it Facebook, Twitter or any other platform[2]. Both parties are in different locations and the observers do not serve as shaahids (Shar’ee witnesses) of the eejaab and qabool in one place.
Alternatively, one party may appoint someone on the other end as their representative to propose or accept the proposal on their behalf in the presence of two witnesses.
And Allaah Ta’aala Knows Best.
Muajul I. Chowdhury
Student, Darul Iftaa
Astoria, New York, USA
Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.
01/02/2019
وصل اللهم وسلم وبارك على سيدنا محمد وعلى ءاله وصحبه أجمعين
[1] بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع (2/ 232)
(وأما) الذي يرجع إلى مكان العقد فهو اتحاد المجلس إذا كان العاقدان حاضرين وهو أن يكون الإيجاب والقبول في مجلس واحد حتى لو اختلف المجلس لا ينعقد النكاح، بأن كانا حاضرين فأوجب أحدهما فقام الآخر عن المجلس قبل القبول، أو اشتغل بعمل يوجب اختلاف المجلس، لا ينعقد؛ لأن انعقاده عبارة عن ارتباط أحد الشطرين بالآخر، فكان القياس وجودهما في مكان واحد، إلا أن اعتبار ذلك يؤدي إلى سد باب العقود؛ فجعل المجلس جامعا للشطرين حكما مع تفرقهما حقيقة للضرورة، والضرورة تندفع عند اتحاد المجلس، فإذا اختلف تفرق الشطرين حقيقة وحكما فلا ينتظم الركن………………………
فأما إذا كان أحدهما غائبا؛ لم ينعقد حتى لو قالت امرأة بحضرة شاهدين: زوجت نفسي من فلان وهو غائب فبلغه الخبر فقال: قبلت أو قال رجل بحضرة شاهدين: تزوجت فلانة وهي غائبة فبلغها الخبر فقالت: زوجت نفسي منه لم يجز، وإن كان القبول بحضرة ذينك الشاهدين.
وهذا قول أبي حنيفة ومحمد وقال أبو يوسف: ينعقد ويتوقف على إجازة الغائب.
حاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (3/ 14)
(قوله: اتحاد المجلس) قال في البحر: فلو اختلف المجلس لم ينعقد
[2] Contemporary Fatawa by Mufti Taqi Uthmani p.132
فتاوى دار العلوم زكريا (3/ 558)
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Disclaimer
Darul Iftaa New York answers questions on issues pertaining to Shari’ah. These questions and answers are placed for public view on askthemufti.us for educational purposes. The rulings given here are based on the questions posed and should be read in conjunction with the questions. Many answers are unique to a particular scenario and cannot be taken as a basis to establish a ruling in another situation.
Darul Iftaa New York bears no responsibility with regard to its answers being used out of their intended contexts, nor with regard to any loss or damage that may be caused by acting on its answers or not doing so.
References and links to other websites should not be taken as an endorsement of all contents of those websites.
Answers may not be used as evidence in any court of law without prior written consent of Darul Iftaa New York.